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In their creative categories, they chose observational and expressive approaches different from classical or academic schools. Cézanne specifically depicted the relationships between apples, drapery, tables, and the composition of pots and pans, exploring aesthetic principles that differed from the past, articulating a novel structural language that instantly broke through the noble, grand, and complete principles of classical aesthetics. This liberated the traditional, dogmatic, rule-bound, and singular methods of representation that had previously focused solely on brushwork and technique, allowing instead for greater freedom and spontaneity. Works such as "The Bathers" and "Landscape in the Garden" are entirely distinct from the rigorous and meticulous handling seen in David and Ingres. Cézanne’s paintings are filled with sketch-like qualities and artistic imagination, radically differing from the refined styles pursued by Angelica Kauffman and Delacroix. They make us feel that modern art has completely freed itself from the total constraints of the object and the artist's individuality.
Some everyday or natural forms neglected by academia—particularly those with irregular shapes and appearances—have attracted artists with distinctive artistic personalities to focus on detailed close-ups, much like painting a detail study, such as Van Gogh’s iconic "A Pair of Old Shoes." When people have long been constrained by conventional, half-hearted expressions, works like "A Pair of Old Shoes," revealing new modes of visual expression, can offer many unexpected surprises to the viewer.
Modern painting rejects the grand, comprehensive rules of classical appearance, moving instead toward diverse pictorial languages, varied subjects, and rich techniques.